Geohazards in coastal areas are both related to processes of rapid sediment transfers by high-magnitude fluvial floods and landslide activity as well as by low-magnitude continuous phenomena including sea level changes, subsidence and fluvial input by large river. Coastal susceptibility with a significant geological impact also includes hurricane storm surge and sea floods causing major physical changes both onshore and at sea.
Coasts commonly deal with geologic events such as river flood and slope instability, involving sediment evacuation downstream by steep-gradient streams and cliff recession. These phenomena provided to be highly hazardous in coastal areas where most of the human activities locate on unstable coarse deltas or along the path of floodwaters. Evaluation of the geological hazards at coast also concern volcano-related phenomena such as avalanching-landsliding, often involving huge volumes of displaced materials entering into the sea with high tsunamigenic potential.
Fluvial sediment abundance and availability is critical for shore dynamics at low coasts, as it regulates rate of coastal erosion and flooding of adjacent inland areas. Losses of coastal land is also ascribed to subsidence, a significant problem to many coastal areas, that can result from natural phenomena as well as from man induced factors, or a combination of both.
The approach used in this session recognizes that coast has attributes belonging to both terrestrial and marine environments with related operations acting on each others. It also put emphasis on dynamic processes rather than static description. For this meaning, geo-hazard assessment in these areas should include both on-land and marine investigations preferably aided by historical data an GIS analysis in order to recognize recent and past coastal evolution.
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